快三大发| 官方版本下载 - 最新app下载V6.8.6

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

兴安岭深处“慢火车”的守护者******

　　【春运进行时】

　　光明日报记者 张士英 光明日报通讯员 刘 杨

　　深冬的内蒙古绰河源镇，寒风凛冽。

　　1月7日8时30分，气温降到零下27℃。中国铁路哈尔滨局集团有限公司齐齐哈尔工务段新绰源线路车间线路工王磊正和7名工友穿着厚重的羽绒大衣，脚上套着毡疙瘩，一字排开蹲在线路中心处理冻害。

　　位于大兴安岭中段的绰河源镇群山围绕，全年无霜期仅有90天，冬季最低气温可达零下40℃，由博克图镇至塔尔气镇的铁路线，每天通行一对公益“慢火车”，是大山深处近万名林业职工和家属走出大山的唯一一条铁路线。

　　今年春运，6239次“慢火车”迎来返乡高峰，而此时正是冻害发生最频繁的时段。

　　268处，这是近一个月以来，工队处理的冻害数量。“博林线周围地下水极为丰富，线路又在群山中穿行，冬季水遇低温结冰膨胀，就会导致基床不均匀隆起产生冻害，造成列车颠簸甚至影响行车安全。”今年是王磊在绰河源度过的第四个春运，虽然环境艰苦，但谈起自己的工作他特别自豪，“工区管辖范围内的冻害是普通线路的50倍以上，我们每天6点出发，争分夺秒地赶在列车通过前处理好，让返乡过年的旅客安全、平稳地乘坐列车。”

　　冬天的山区尤为寂静，撬棍与钢轨碰撞的响声在树林中越传越远，此时作业组已经持续蹲着作业1个多小时，大家的帽子、睫毛全都挂了霜。在队伍中间的王磊，刚开始蹲在线路中心，时间一长腰酸腿麻，他感觉上不来气，干脆跪在轨枕上。

　　“小磊，你去撒垫板，数量我写在轨枕上了。”工长解子学向王磊喊，处理冻害是个慢功夫，需要在轨底垫上一定厚度的橡胶垫板，使凹凸不平的线路变得平顺。长时间的下蹲，哪怕是从业多年的工长也有点吃不消。工长和工友轮流换下王磊，让他去干点轻活。

　　11时36分，对讲机传来6239次列车接近的消息，工队迅速清理现场、摆放扣件、复紧螺栓，仅一上午，就用光了500多个胶垫。一套工序结束后，工长解子学整个身子趴到钢轨上，耳朵和脸几乎贴到地面，眯着眼睛目测检查维修后的轨道平顺度，用道尺测量无误后这处冻害就算完活了。

　　工队下道接车后，也到了午休时间，拿出车间准备的韭菜鸡蛋和猪肉葱花馅饺子，王磊从麻袋中掏出几块垫板在积雪上压出一个座位，和工队围成一圈，有说有笑地吃起午饭。“等忙完春运，我就能回家吃我老妈包的饺子了。”王磊说，饭后他们还要赶到下一个养护线路。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月09日 10版）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）